Professor James Fawcett University positionHead of Department Professor James Fawcett is pleased to consider applications from prospective PhD students. DepartmentsDepartment of Clinical Neurosciences InstitutesCambridge Centre for Brain Repair Home pagehttp://www.brc.cam.ac.uk/JamesFa... (personal home page) Research ThemesInterestsAxon regeneration in the damaged CNS: Regeneration of axons after CNS damage is blocked by several molecules in the environment and by loss of intrinsic regeneration ability, We modify the environment to make it more permissive and modify axonal properties to improve regeneration. Plasticity is the main mechanism for functional recovery after damage to the nervous system. In childhood plasticity is largely turned off by extracellular matrix structures called perineeuronal nets. By moduating their function we can improve functional recovery and memory in the adult CNS. Interfacing the nervous system with electronics: We are developing a microchannel interface prosthesis which allows permanent extracellular recording from axons. This technology is being developed for control of bladder function in paralyzed human and veterinary patients, and for controlling prosthetic limbs.  kinesin kif3C on the tips of microtubules in an axon growth cone Click image to view full-size Research Focus
EquipmentBehavioural analysis Cell culture Electrophysiological recording techniques Collaborators
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Key publicationsKappagantula S, Andrews MR, Cheah M, Abad-Rodriguez J, Dotti CG, Fawcett JW (2014), “Neu3 sialidase-mediated ganglioside conversion is necessary for axon regeneration and is blocked in CNS axons.” J Neurosci 34(7):2477-92 Details Chew DJ, Zhu L, Delivopoulos E, Minev IR, Musick KM, Mosse CA, Craggs M, Donaldson N, Lacour SP, McMahon SB, Fawcett JW (2013), “A microchannel neuroprosthesis for bladder control after spinal cord injury in rat.” Sci Transl Med 5(210):210ra155 Details Gumy LF, Chew DJ, Tortosa E, Katrukha EA, Kapitein LC, Tolkovsky AM, Hoogenraad CC, Fawcett JW (2013), “The kinesin-2 family member KIF3C regulates microtubule dynamics and is required for axon growth and regeneration.” J Neurosci 33(28):11329-45 Details Romberg C, Yang S, Melani R, Andrews MR, Horner AE, Spillantini MG, Bussey TJ, Fawcett JW, Pizzorusso T, Saksida LM (2013), “Depletion of perineuronal nets enhances recognition memory and long-term depression in the perirhinal cortex.” J Neurosci 33(16):7057-65 Details Vo T, Carulli D, Ehlert EM, Kwok JC, Dick G, Mecollari V, Moloney EB, Neufeld G, de Winter F, Fawcett JW, Verhaagen J (2013), “The chemorepulsive axon guidance protein semaphorin3A is a constituent of perineuronal nets in the adult rodent brain.” Mol Cell Neurosci 56:186-200 Details Eva R, Crisp S, Marland JR, Norman JC, Kanamarlapudi V, ffrench-Constant C, Fawcett JW (2012), “ARF6 directs axon transport and traffic of integrins and regulates axon growth in adult DRG neurons.” J Neurosci 32(30):10352-64 Details Tan CL, Andrews MR, Kwok JC, Heintz TG, Gumy LF, Fässler R, Fawcett JW (2012), “Kindlin-1 enhances axon growth on inhibitory chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and promotes sensory axon regeneration.” J Neurosci 32(21):7325-35 Details Carulli D, Pizzorusso T, Kwok JC, Putignano E, Poli A, Forostyak S, Andrews MR, Deepa SS, Glant TT, Fawcett JW (2010), “Animals lacking link protein have attenuated perineuronal nets and persistent plasticity.” Brain 133(Pt 8):2331-47 Details Andrews MR, Czvitkovich S, Dassie E, Vogelaar CF, Faissner A, Blits B, Gage FH, ffrench-Constant C, Fawcett JW (2009), “Alpha9 integrin promotes neurite outgrowth on tenascin-C and enhances sensory axon regeneration.” J Neurosci 29(17):5546-57 Details García-Alías G, Barkhuysen S, Buckle M, Fawcett JW (2009), “Chondroitinase ABC treatment opens a window of opportunity for task-specific rehabilitation.” Nat Neurosci 12(9):1145-51 Details Bradbury, EJ, Moon LDF, Popat RJ, King VR, Bennett GS, Patel PN, Fawcett JW, McMahon SB (2002), “Chondroitinase ABC promotes axon regeneration and functional recovery following spinal cord injury” Nature 416:636-640 Pizzorusso T, Medini P, Berardi N, Chierzi S, Fawcett JW, Maffei L (2002), “Reactivation of ocular dominance plasticity in the adult visual cortex with chondroitinase ABC” Science 298:1248-1251 Publications2014Alves JN, Muir EM, Andrews MR, Ward A, Michelmore N, Dasgupta D, Verhaagen J, Moloney EB, Keynes RJ, Fawcett JW, Rogers JH (2014), “AAV vector-mediated secretion of chondroitinase provides a sensitive tracer for axonal arborisations.” J Neurosci Methods 227:107-20 Details Hyatt AJ, Wang D, van Oterendorp C, Fawcett JW, Martin KR (2014), “Mesenchymal stromal cells integrate and form longitudinally-aligned layers when delivered to injured spinal cord via a novel fibrin scaffold.” Neurosci Lett 569:12-7 Details Kwok JC, Heller JP, Zhao RR, Fawcett JW (2014), “Targeting inhibitory chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans to promote plasticity after injury.” Methods Mol Biol 1162:127-38 Details Moshayedi P, Ng G, Kwok JC, Yeo GS, Bryant CE, Fawcett JW, Franze K, Guck J (2014), “The relationship between glial cell mechanosensitivity and foreign body reactions in the central nervous system.” Biomaterials 35(13):3919-25 Details Tyzack GE, Sitnikov S, Barson D, Adams-Carr KL, Lau NK, Kwok JC, Zhao C, Franklin RJ, Karadottir RT, Fawcett JW, Lakatos A (2014), “Astrocyte response to motor neuron injury promotes structural synaptic plasticity via STAT3-regulated TSP-1 expression.” Nat Commun 5:4294 Details 2013Dassie E, Andrews MR, Bensadoun JC, Cacquevel M, Schneider BL, Aebischer P, Wouters FS, Richardson JC, Hussain I, Howlett DR, Spillantini MG, Fawcett JW (2013), “Focal expression of adeno-associated viral-mutant tau induces widespread impairment in an APP mouse model.” Neurobiol Aging 34(5):1355-68 Details Dick G, Tan CL, Alves JN, Ehlert EM, Miller GM, Hsieh-Wilson LC, Sugahara K, Oosterhof A, van Kuppevelt TH, Verhaagen J, Fawcett JW, Kwok JC (2013), “Semaphorin 3A binds to the perineuronal nets via chondroitin sulfate type E motifs in rodent brains.” J Biol Chem 288(38):27384-95 Details Granger N, Chew D, Fairhurst P, Fawcett JW, Lacour SP, Craggs M, Mosse CA, Donaldson N, Jeffery ND (2013), “Use of an implanted sacral nerve stimulator to restore urine voiding in chronically paraplegic dogs.” J Vet Intern Med 27(1):99-105 Details Minev IR, Moshayedi P, Fawcett JW, Lacour SP (2013), “Interaction of glia with a compliant, microstructured silicone surface.” Acta Biomater 9(6):6936-42 Details Soleman S, Filippov MA, Dityatev A, Fawcett JW (2013), “Targeting the neural extracellular matrix in neurological disorders.” Neuroscience 253:194-213 Details Vorobyov V, Kwok JC, Fawcett JW, Sengpiel F (2013), “Effects of digesting chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans on plasticity in cat primary visual cortex.” J Neurosci 33(1):234-43 Details Zhao RR, Andrews MR, Wang D, Warren P, Gullo M, Schnell L, Schwab ME, Fawcett JW (2013), “Combination treatment with anti-Nogo-A and chondroitinase ABC is more effective than single treatments at enhancing functional recovery after spinal cord injury.” Eur J Neurosci 38(6):2946-61 Details Zhao RR, Fawcett JW (2013), “Combination treatment with chondroitinase ABC in spinal cord injury--breaking the barrier.” Neurosci Bull 29(4):477-83 Details 2012Afshari FT, Fawcett JW (2012), “An in vitro assay to examine oligodendrocyte precursor cell migration on astrocytes.” Methods Mol Biol 814:393-9 Details Afshari FT, Fawcett JW (2012), “Astrocyte-Schwann-cell coculture systems.” Methods Mol Biol 814:381-91 Details Biankin AV, Waddell N, Kassahn KS, Gingras MC, Muthuswamy LB, Johns AL, Miller DK, Wilson PJ, Patch AM, Wu J, Chang DK, Cowley MJ, Gardiner BB, Song S, Harliwong I, Idrisoglu S, Nourse C, Nourbakhsh E, Manning S, Wani S, Gongora M, Pajic M, Scarlett CJ, Gill AJ, Pinho AV, Rooman I, Anderson M, Holmes O, Leonard C, Taylor D, Wood S, Xu Q, Nones K, Fink JL, Christ A, Bruxner T, Cloonan N, Kolle G, Newell F, Pinese M, Mead RS, Humphris JL, Kaplan W, Jones MD, Colvin EK, Nagrial AM, Humphrey ES, Chou A, Chin VT, Chantrill LA, Mawson A, Samra JS, Kench JG, Lovell JA, Daly RJ, Merrett ND, Toon C, Epari K, Nguyen NQ, Barbour A, Zeps N, Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative, Kakkar N, Zhao F, Wu YQ, Wang M, Muzny DM, Fisher WE, Brunicardi FC, Hodges SE, Reid JG, Drummond J, Chang K, Han Y, Lewis LR, Dinh H, Buhay CJ, Beck T, Timms L, Sam M, Begley K, Brown A, Pai D, Panchal A, Buchner N, De Borja R, Denroche RE, Yung CK, Serra S, Onetto N, Mukhopadhyay D, Tsao MS, Shaw PA, Petersen GM, Gallinger S, Hruban R (2012), “Pancreatic cancer genomes reveal aberrations in axon guidance pathway genes.” Nature 491(7424):399-405 Details Bosch KD, Bradbury EJ, Verhaagen J, Fawcett JW, McMahon SB (2012), “Chondroitinase ABC promotes plasticity of spinal reflexes following peripheral nerve injury.” Exp Neurol 238(1):64-78 Details Bradke F, Fawcett JW, Spira ME (2012), “Assembly of a new growth cone after axotomy: the precursor to axon regeneration.” Nat Rev Neurosci 13(3):183-93 Details Chew DJ, Fawcett JW, Andrews MR (2012), “The challenges of long-distance axon regeneration in the injured CNS.” Prog Brain Res 201:253-94 Details Delivopoulos E, Chew DJ, Minev IR, Fawcett JW, Lacour SP (2012), “Concurrent recordings of bladder afferents from multiple nerves using a microfabricated PDMS microchannel electrode array.” Lab Chip 12(14):2540-51 Details Eva R, Andrews MR, Franssen EH, Fawcett JW (2012), “Intrinsic mechanisms regulating axon regeneration: an integrin perspective.” Int Rev Neurobiol 106:75-104 Details Fawcett JW, Schwab ME, Montani L, Brazda N, Müller HW (2012), “Defeating inhibition of regeneration by scar and myelin components.” Handb Clin Neurol 109:503-22 Details FitzGerald JJ, Lago N, Benmerah S, Serra J, Watling CP, Cameron RE, Tarte E, Lacour SP, McMahon SB, Fawcett JW (2012), “A regenerative microchannel neural interface for recording from and stimulating peripheral axons in vivo.” J Neural Eng 9(1):016010 Details García-Alías G, Fawcett JW (2012), “Training and anti-CSPG combination therapy for spinal cord injury.” Exp Neurol 235(1):26-32 Details Guest J, Harrop JS, Aarabi B, Grossman RG, Fawcett JW, Fehlings MG, Tator CH (2012), “Optimization of the decision-making process for the selection of therapeutics to undergo clinical testing for spinal cord injury in the North American Clinical Trials Network.” J Neurosurg Spine 17(1 Suppl):94-101 Details Kwok JC, Warren P, Fawcett JW (2012), “Chondroitin sulfate: a key molecule in the brain matrix.” Int J Biochem Cell Biol 44(4):582-6 Details Kwok JC, Yuen YL, Lau WK, Zhang FX, Fawcett JW, Chan YS, Shum DK (2012), “Chondroitin sulfates in the developing rat hindbrain confine commissural projections of vestibular nuclear neurons.” Neural Dev 7:6 Details Lorber B, Guidi A, Fawcett JW, Martin KR (2012), “Activated retinal glia mediated axon regeneration in experimental glaucoma.” Neurobiol Dis 45(1):243-52 Details Minev IR, Chew DJ, Delivopoulos E, Fawcett JW, Lacour SP (2012), “High sensitivity recording of afferent nerve activity using ultra-compliant microchannel electrodes: an acute in vivo validation.” J Neural Eng 9(2):026005 Details Orlando C, Ster J, Gerber U, Fawcett JW, Raineteau O (2012), “Perisynaptic chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans restrict structural plasticity in an integrin-dependent manner.” J Neurosci 32(50):18009-17, 18017a Details Tactacan CM, Chang DK, Cowley MJ, Humphrey ES, Wu J, Gill AJ, Chou A, Nones K, Grimmond SM, Sutherland RL, Biankin AV, Daly RJ, Australian Pancreratic Genome Initiative (2012), “RON is not a prognostic marker for resectable pancreatic cancer.” BMC Cancer 12:395 Details 2011Afshari FT, Kwok JC, Fawcett JW (2011), “Analysis of Schwann-astrocyte interactions using in vitro assays.” J Vis Exp (47) Details Al-Mayhani MT, Grenfell R, Narita M, Piccirillo S, Kenney-Herbert E, Fawcett JW, Collins VP, Ichimura K, Watts C (2011), “NG2 expression in glioblastoma identifies an actively proliferating population with an aggressive molecular signature.” Neuro Oncol 13(8):830-45 Details García-Alías G, Petrosyan HA, Schnell L, Horner PJ, Bowers WJ, Mendell LM, Fawcett JW, Arvanian VL (2011), “Chondroitinase ABC combined with neurotrophin NT-3 secretion and NR2D expression promotes axonal plasticity and functional recovery in rats with lateral hemisection of the spinal cord.” J Neurosci 31(49):17788-99 Details Gumy LF, Yeo GS, Tung YC, Zivraj KH, Willis D, Coppola G, Lam BY, Twiss JL, Holt CE, Fawcett JW (2011), “Transcriptome analysis of embryonic and adult sensory axons reveals changes in mRNA repertoire localization.” RNA 17(1):85-98 Details Kwok JC, Dick G, Wang D, Fawcett JW (2011), “Extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets in CNS repair.” Dev Neurobiol 71(11):1073-89 Details Lin R, Rosahl TW, Whiting PJ, Fawcett JW, Kwok JC (2011), “6-Sulphated chondroitins have a positive influence on axonal regeneration.” PLoS One 6(7):e21499 Details Tan CL, Kwok JC, Patani R, Ffrench-Constant C, Chandran S, Fawcett JW (2011), “Integrin activation promotes axon growth on inhibitory chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans by enhancing integrin signaling.” J Neurosci 31(17):6289-95 Details Wang D, Ichiyama RM, Zhao R, Andrews MR, Fawcett JW (2011), “Chondroitinase combined with rehabilitation promotes recovery of forelimb function in rats with chronic spinal cord injury.” J Neurosci 31(25):9332-44 Details Zariffa J, Kramer JL, Fawcett JW, Lammertse DP, Blight AR, Guest J, Jones L, Burns S, Schubert M, Bolliger M, Curt A, Steeves JD (2011), “Characterization of neurological recovery following traumatic sensorimotor complete thoracic spinal cord injury.” Spinal Cord 49(3):463-71 Details Zhao RR, Muir EM, Alves JN, Rickman H, Allan AY, Kwok JC, Roet KC, Verhaagen J, Schneider BL, Bensadoun JC, Ahmed SG, Yáñez-Muñoz RJ, Keynes RJ, Fawcett JW, Rogers JH (2011), “Lentiviral vectors express chondroitinase ABC in cortical projections and promote sprouting of injured corticospinal axons.” J Neurosci Methods 201(1):228-38 Details 2010Afshari FT, Kwok JC, Andrews MR, Blits B, Martin KR, Faissner A, Ffrench-Constant C, Fawcett JW (2010), “Integrin activation or alpha 9 expression allows retinal pigmented epithelial cell adhesion on Bruch's membrane in wet age-related macular degeneration.” Brain 133(Pt 2):448-64 Details Afshari FT, Kwok JC, Fawcett JW (2010), “Astrocyte-produced ephrins inhibit schwann cell migration via VAV2 signaling.” J Neurosci 30(12):4246-55 Details Afshari FT, Kwok JC, White L, Fawcett JW (2010), “Schwann cell migration is integrin-dependent and inhibited by astrocyte-produced aggrecan.” Glia 58(7):857-69 Details Dobbertin A, Czvitkovich S, Theocharidis U, Garwood J, Andrews MR, Properzi F, Lin R, Fawcett JW, Faissner A (2010), “Analysis of combinatorial variability reveals selective accumulation of the fibronectin type III domains B and D of tenascin-C in injured brain.” Exp Neurol 225(1):60-73 Details Eva R, Dassie E, Caswell PT, Dick G, ffrench-Constant C, Norman JC, Fawcett JW (2010), “Rab11 and its effector Rab coupling protein contribute to the trafficking of beta 1 integrins during axon growth in adult dorsal root ganglion neurons and PC12 cells.” J Neurosci 30(35):11654-69 Details Gumy LF, Tan CL, Fawcett JW (2010), “The role of local protein synthesis and degradation in axon regeneration.” Exp Neurol 223(1):28-37 Details Hunanyan AS, García-Alías G, Alessi V, Levine JM, Fawcett JW, Mendell LM, Arvanian VL (2010), “Role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in axonal conduction in Mammalian spinal cord.” J Neurosci 30(23):7761-9 Details Hyatt AJ, Wang D, Kwok JC, Fawcett JW, Martin KR (2010), “Controlled release of chondroitinase ABC from fibrin gel reduces the level of inhibitory glycosaminoglycan chains in lesioned spinal cord.” J Control Release 147(1):24-9 Details Kwok JC, Carulli D, Fawcett JW (2010), “In vitro modeling of perineuronal nets: hyaluronan synthase and link protein are necessary for their formation and integrity.” J Neurochem 114(5):1447-59 Details Muir EM, Fyfe I, Gardiner S, Li L, Warren P, Fawcett JW, Keynes RJ, Rogers JH (2010), “Modification of N-glycosylation sites allows secretion of bacterial chondroitinase ABC from mammalian cells.” J Biotechnol 145(2):103-10 Details Steeves JD, Kramer JK, Fawcett JW, Cragg J, Lammertse DP, Blight AR, Marino RJ, Ditunno JF Jr, Coleman WP, Geisler FH, Guest J, Jones L, Burns S, Schubert M, van Hedel HJ, Curt A (2010), “Extent of spontaneous motor recovery after traumatic cervical sensorimotor complete spinal cord injury.” Spinal Cord Details Zivraj KH, Tung YC, Piper M, Gumy L, Fawcett JW, Yeo GS, Holt CE (2010), “Subcellular profiling reveals distinct and developmentally regulated repertoire of growth cone mRNAs.” J Neurosci 30(46):15464-78 Details 2009Afshari FT, Fawcett JW (2009), “Improving RPE adhesion to Bruch's membrane.” Eye (Lond) 23(10):1890-3 Details Afshari FT, Kappagantula S, Fawcett JW (2009), “Extrinsic and intrinsic factors controlling axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury.” Expert Rev Mol Med 11:e37 Details Arvanian VL, Schnell L, Lou L, Golshani R, Hunanyan A, Ghosh A, Pearse DD, Robinson JK, Schwab ME, Fawcett JW, Mendell LM (2009), “Chronic spinal hemisection in rats induces a progressive decline in transmission in uninjured fibers to motoneurons.” Exp Neurol 216(2):471-80 Details Chen JW, Kow L, Verran DJ, McCall JL, Munn S, Balderson GA, Fawcett JW, Gow PJ, Jones RM, Jeffrey GP, House AK, Strasser SI (2009), “Poorer survival in patients whose explanted hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exceeds Milan or UCSF Criteria. An analysis of liver transplantation in HCC in Australia and New Zealand.” HPB (Oxford) 11(1):81-9 Details Fawcett JW (2009), “Recovery from spinal cord injury: regeneration, plasticity and rehabilitation.” Brain 132(Pt 6):1417-8 Details Fawcett JW, Curt A (2009), “Damage control in the nervous system: rehabilitation in a plastic environment.” Nat Med 15(7):735-6 Details FitzGerald JJ, Lacour SP, McMahon SB, Fawcett JW (2009), “Microchannel electrodes for recording and stimulation: in vitro evaluation.” IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 56(5):1524-34 Details Vogelaar CF, Gervasi NM, Gumy LF, Story DJ, Raha-Chowdhury R, Leung KM, Holt CE, Fawcett JW (2009), “Axonal mRNAs: characterisation and role in the growth and regeneration of dorsal root ganglion axons and growth cones.” Mol Cell Neurosci 42(2):102-15 Details Zhao JW, Raha-Chowdhury R, Fawcett JW, Watts C (2009), “Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes can be generated from NG2+ progenitors after acute brain injury: intracellular localization of oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 is associated with their fate choice.” Eur J Neurosci 29(9):1853-69 Details 2008Fawcett JW (2008), “Bridging spinal cord injuries.” J Biol 7(7):25 Details FitzGerald JJ, Lacour SP, Fawcett JW (2008), “Recording with microchannel electrodes in a noisy environment.” Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2008:34-7 Details Fitzgerald JJ, Lacour SP, McMahon SB, Fawcett JW (2008), “Microchannels as axonal amplifiers.” IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 55(3):1136-46 Details Galtrey CM, Kwok JC, Carulli D, Rhodes KE, Fawcett JW (2008), “Distribution and synthesis of extracellular matrix proteoglycans, hyaluronan, link proteins and tenascin-R in the rat spinal cord.” Eur J Neurosci 27(6):1373-90 Details García-Alías G, Lin R, Akrimi SF, Story D, Bradbury EJ, Fawcett JW (2008), “Therapeutic time window for the application of chondroitinase ABC after spinal cord injury.” Exp Neurol 210(2):331-8 Details Gervasi NM, Kwok JC, Fawcett JW (2008), “Role of extracellular factors in axon regeneration in the CNS: implications for therapy.” Regen Med 3(6):907-23 Details Hampton DW, Anderson J, Pryce G, Irvine KA, Giovannoni G, Fawcett JW, Compston A, Franklin RJ, Baker D, Chandran S (2008), “An experimental model of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis that shows regional variation in gliosis, remyelination, axonal and neuronal loss.” J Neuroimmunol 201-202:200-11 Details Kwok JC, Afshari F, García-Alías G, Fawcett JW (2008), “Proteoglycans in the central nervous system: plasticity, regeneration and their stimulation with chondroitinase ABC.” Restor Neurol Neurosci 26(2-3):131-45 Details Lin R, Kwok JC, Crespo D, Fawcett JW (2008), “Chondroitinase ABC has a long-lasting effect on chondroitin sulphate glycosaminoglycan content in the injured rat brain.” J Neurochem 104(2):400-8 Details Properzi F, Lin R, Kwok J, Naidu M, van Kuppevelt TH, Ten Dam GB, Camargo LM, Raha-Chowdhury R, Furukawa Y, Mikami T, Sugahara K, Fawcett JW (2008), “Heparan sulphate proteoglycans in glia and in the normal and injured CNS: expression of sulphotransferases and changes in sulphation.” Eur J Neurosci 27(3):593-604 Details Singhal S, Lawrence JM, Bhatia B, Ellis JS, Kwan AS, Macneil A, Luthert PJ, Fawcett JW, Perez MT, Khaw PT, Limb GA (2008), “Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and microglia prevent migration and integration of grafted Müller stem cells into degenerating retina.” Stem Cells 26(4):1074-82 Details Verma P, Garcia-Alias G, Fawcett JW (2008), “Spinal cord repair: bridging the divide.” Neurorehabil Neural Repair 22(5):429-37 Details 2007Carulli D, Rhodes KE, Fawcett JW (2007), “Upregulation of aggrecan, link protein 1, and hyaluronan synthases during formation of perineuronal nets in the rat cerebellum.” J Comp Neurol 501(1):83-94 Details Courtine G, Bunge MB, Fawcett JW, Grossman RG, Kaas JH, Lemon R, Maier I, Martin J, Nudo RJ, Ramon-Cueto A, Rouiller EM, Schnell L, Wannier T, Schwab ME, Edgerton VR (2007), “Can experiments in nonhuman primates expedite the translation of treatments for spinal cord injury in humans?” Nat Med 13(5):561-6 Details Crespo D, Asher RA, Lin R, Rhodes KE, Fawcett JW (2007), “How does chondroitinase promote functional recovery in the damaged CNS?” Exp Neurol 206(2):159-71 Details Fawcett JW, Curt A, Steeves JD, Coleman WP, Tuszynski MH, Lammertse D, Bartlett PF, Blight AR, Dietz V, Ditunno J, Dobkin BH, Havton LA, Ellaway PH, Fehlings MG, Privat A, Grossman R, Guest JD, Kleitman N, Nakamura M, Gaviria M, Short D (2007), “Guidelines for the conduct of clinical trials for spinal cord injury as developed by the ICCP panel: spontaneous recovery after spinal cord injury and statistical power needed for therapeutic clinical trials.” Spinal Cord 45(3):190-205 Details Galtrey CM, Asher RA, Nothias F, Fawcett JW (2007), “Promoting plasticity in the spinal cord with chondroitinase improves functional recovery after peripheral nerve repair.” Brain 130(Pt 4):926-39 Details Galtrey CM, Fawcett JW (2007), “Characterization of tests of functional recovery after median and ulnar nerve injury and repair in the rat forelimb.” J Peripher Nerv Syst 12(1):11-27 Details Galtrey CM, Fawcett JW (2007), “The role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in regeneration and plasticity in the central nervous system.” Brain Res Rev 54(1):1-18 Details Hampton DW, Asher RA, Kondo T, Steeves JD, Ramer MS, Fawcett JW (2007), “A potential role for bone morphogenetic protein signalling in glial cell fate determination following adult central nervous system injury in vivo.” Eur J Neurosci 26(11):3024-35 Details Hampton DW, Steeves JD, Fawcett JW, Ramer MS (2007), “Spinally upregulated noggin suppresses axonal and dendritic plasticity following dorsal rhizotomy.” Exp Neurol 204(1):366-79 Details Laabs TL, Wang H, Katagiri Y, McCann T, Fawcett JW, Geller HM (2007), “Inhibiting glycosaminoglycan chain polymerization decreases the inhibitory activity of astrocyte-derived chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans.” J Neurosci 27(52):14494-501 Details Lammertse D, Tuszynski MH, Steeves JD, Curt A, Fawcett JW, Rask C, Ditunno JF, Fehlings MG, Guest JD, Ellaway PH, Kleitman N, Blight AR, Dobkin BH, Grossman R, Katoh H, Privat A, Kalichman M, International Campaign for Cures of Spinal Cord Injury Paralysis (2007), “Guidelines for the conduct of clinical trials for spinal cord injury as developed by the ICCP panel: clinical trial design.” Spinal Cord 45(3):232-42 Details Smith JM, Lunga P, Story D, Harris N, Le Belle J, James MF, Pickard JD, Fawcett JW (2007), “Inosine promotes recovery of skilled motor function in a model of focal brain injury.” Brain 130(Pt 4):915-25 Details Steeves JD, Lammertse D, Curt A, Fawcett JW, Tuszynski MH, Ditunno JF, Ellaway PH, Fehlings MG, Guest JD, Kleitman N, Bartlett PF, Blight AR, Dietz V, Dobkin BH, Grossman R, Short D, Nakamura M, Coleman WP, Gaviria M, Privat A, International Campaign for Cures of Spinal Cord Injury Paralysis (2007), “Guidelines for the conduct of clinical trials for spinal cord injury (SCI) as developed by the ICCP panel: clinical trial outcome measures.” Spinal Cord 45(3):206-21 Details Tuszynski MH, Steeves JD, Fawcett JW, Lammertse D, Kalichman M, Rask C, Curt A, Ditunno JF, Fehlings MG, Guest JD, Ellaway PH, Kleitman N, Bartlett PF, Blight AR, Dietz V, Dobkin BH, Grossman R, Privat A, International Campaign for Cures of Spinal Cord Injury Paralysis (2007), “Guidelines for the conduct of clinical trials for spinal cord injury as developed by the ICCP Panel: clinical trial inclusion/exclusion criteria and ethics.” Spinal Cord 45(3):222-31 Details Urahashi T, Lynch SV, Kim YH, Balderson GA, Fawcett JW, Crawford DH, Strong RW (2007), “Undetected hepatocellular carcinoma in patients undergoing liver transplantation: is associated with favorable outcome.” Hepatogastroenterology 54(76):1192-5 Details 2006Carulli D, Rhodes KE, Brown DJ, Bonnert TP, Pollack SJ, Oliver K, Strata P, Fawcett JW (2006), “Composition of perineuronal nets in the adult rat cerebellum and the cellular origin of their components.” J Comp Neurol 494(4):559-77 Details Deepa SS, Carulli D, Galtrey C, Rhodes K, Fukuda J, Mikami T, Sugahara K, Fawcett JW (2006), “Composition of perineuronal net extracellular matrix in rat brain: a different disaccharide composition for the net-associated proteoglycans.” J Biol Chem 281(26):17789-800 Details Fawcett JW (2006), “Novel strategies for protection and repair of the central nervous system.” Clin Med 6(6):598-603 Details Fawcett JW (2006), “The glial response to injury and its role in the inhibition of CNS repair.” Adv Exp Med Biol 557:11-24 Details Fawcett JW (2006), “Overcoming inhibition in the damaged spinal cord.” J Neurotrauma 23(3-4):371-83 Details Gaughwin PM, Caldwell MA, Anderson JM, Schwiening CJ, Fawcett JW, Compston DA, Chandran S (2006), “Astrocytes promote neurogenesis from oligodendrocyte precursor cells.” Eur J Neurosci 23(4):945-56 Details Rhodes KE, Raivich G, Fawcett JW (2006), “The injury response of oligodendrocyte precursor cells is induced by platelets, macrophages and inflammation-associated cytokines.” Neuroscience 140(1):87-100 Details 2005Asher RA, Morgenstern DA, Properzi F, Nishiyama A, Levine JM, Fawcett JW (2005), “Two separate metalloproteinase activities are responsible for the shedding and processing of the NG2 proteoglycan in vitro.” Mol Cell Neurosci 29(1):82-96 Details Carulli D, Laabs T, Geller HM, Fawcett JW (2005), “Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in neural development and regeneration.” Curr Opin Neurobiol 15(1):116-20 Details Chierzi S, Ratto GM, Verma P, Fawcett JW (2005), “The ability of axons to regenerate their growth cones depends on axonal type and age, and is regulated by calcium, cAMP and ERK.” Eur J Neurosci 21(8):2051-62 Details Properzi F, Carulli D, Asher RA, Muir E, Camargo LM, van Kuppevelt TH, ten Dam GB, Furukawa Y, Mikami T, Sugahara K, Toida T, Geller HM, Fawcett JW (2005), “Chondroitin 6-sulphate synthesis is 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